The family had been given other names a few years earlier. Rudolphi in 1830, following a suggestion by Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling that same year.
The family name "Paeoniaceae" was first used by Friedrich K.L. Both allotetraploids and autotetraploids are known, and some diploid species are also of hybrid origin. About half of the species of the section Paeonia however is tetraploid (4n=20), particularly many of those in the Mediterranean region. The wax tubules that are formed primarily consist of palmitone (the ketone of palmitic acid). They contain ellagic acid, myricetin, ethereal oils and flavones, as well as crystals of calcium oxalate. Paeoniaceae are dependent on C3 carbon fixation. In vitro biological activities include antioxidant, antitumor, antipathogenic, immunomodulative, cardiovascular-system-protective activities and central-nervous-system activities. These include monoterpenoid glucosides, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, paeonols, and phenols. Over 262 compounds have been obtained so far from the plants of Paeoniaceae. The annual growth is predetermined: if the growing tip of a shoot is removed, no new buds will develop that season. Each of these develops into a dry fruit (which is called a follicle), which opens with a lengthwise suture and each of which contains one or a few large fleshy seeds. Within the disk is a varying number (1-15) of separate carpels, which have a very short style and a decurrent stigma. Within the circle of stamens is a more or less prominent, lobed disc, which is presumed not to excrete nectar.
Paeonia suffruticosa purple free#
Within are numerous (50–160) free stamens, with anthers fixed at their base to the filaments, and are sagittate in shape, open with longitudinal slits at the outer side and free pollen grains which have three slits or pores and consist of two cells. These categories however are intergrading, making it difficult to assign some of them, and the number of these parts may vary. Each flower is subtended by a number of bracts, that may form a sort of involucre, has 3-7 tough free sepals and mostly 5–8, but occasionally up to 13 free petals. Flowers close at night or when the sky is overcast. veitchii and many of the cultivars these contributed to, few additional flowers develop in the axils of the leaves. The large bisexual flowers are mostly single at the end of the stem. In the woody species the new growth emerges from scaly buds on the previous flush or from the crown of the rootstock. They have rather large compound leaves without glands and stipules, and with anomocytic stomata. Some species are caespitose (tufted), because the crown produces adventitious buds, while others have stolons. Description Morphology Īll Paeoniaceae are herbaceous perennials or deciduous shrubs, with thick storage roots and thin roots for gathering water and minerals. Herbaceous peonies are also sold as cut flowers on a large scale, although generally only available in late spring and early summer. Peonies are popular garden plants in temperate regions. The flowers have a short blooming season, usually only 7–10 days. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant flowers, in colors ranging from purple and pink to red, white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.25–1 metre (1–3 ft) tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres (1–11 ft) tall. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus describes 33 known species. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. The peony or paeony ( / ˈ p iː ə n i/) is a flowering plant in the genus Paeonia ( / p iː ˈ oʊ n i ə/), the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae ( / p iː ˌ oʊ n i ˈ eɪ s i.
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